Plagiarism

Plagiarism Policy

This journal is firmly committed to academic integrity and strictly prohibits all forms of plagiarism. Plagiarism includes presenting another person’s work—whether in part or whole—as one’s own without proper citation, including unauthorized use of text, data, images, or ideas.

Plagiarism Screening

All submitted manuscripts are screened using plagiarism detection tools (such as Turnitin, iThenticate, or equivalent software) prior to the peer review process. Based on the similarity index:

• < 20% (minor similarity): The manuscript will be returned to the author for revision before review.
• ≥ 20% (major similarity): The manuscript will be rejected immediately without peer review.

Action for Violations

If plagiarism is discovered after publication, the editorial board reserves the right to retract the article, inform the author’s affiliated institution, and ban future submissions from the author(s).

We encourage authors to paraphrase properly, cite all sources appropriately, and uphold the highest standards of scientific writing ethics.